“World congress on Antibiotics” has been scheduled on June 22-23, 2020, in Zurich, Switzerland with the main theme “Antibiotics: Use Wisely; Take Precisely”. Antibiotics 2020 is arranged to unite scientists, researchers, teachers, business delegates, students and research associates to communicate about their experience, knowledge and also about the on-going researches. This conference focuses on a wide array of sessions which are of scientific interest and also need of the hour which includes: Antibiotics – Antibiotics, Types of Antibiotics, main applications of Antibiotics, Microorganisms producing Antibiotics, Antibiotics for Emerging & Re-Emerging Diseases, Veterinary Antibiotics, Toxicity of Antibacterial Drugs, Next Generation Approaches, Industrial scope of Antibiotics, Antibiotics and Public Health. This Antibiotic 2020 Conference is confident that it will definitely offer all participants an unforgettable experience in exploring new opportunities.

The city Zurich is located in north-central Switzerland at the north-western tip of Lake Zurich. The Greater Zurich Area is Switzerland's economic centre and home to many international companies. Zurich was ranked as having the 11th most competitive financial center in the world, and second most competitive in Europe after London. The headquarters of Swiss Bank is located in Zurich and there are numerous foreign banks in the Greater Zurich Area. Around 60,000 people study at the 20 universities, colleges and institutions of higher education in Zurich. Two of Switzerland's most distinguished universities are located in the city, thus enabling access to graduates and high technology research.

Target Audience:

• Pharmaceutical /Medicine Students
• Life Science scientists
• Pharmaceutical Researchers
• Pharmacy Faculty
• Pharmacology Universities
• Business Entrepreneurs
• Training Institutes
• Pharmaceutics Manufacturing Companies
• R&D Laboratories.

Session 01: Antibiotics

Antibiotics are the most important antimicrobial agents for fighting against bacterial, fungal activities or infections. Many antibiotics are also effective against protozoans and fungi; some are toxic to animals and humans also, even when given in therapeutic dosage. Three types of antibiotics are found as natural antibiotics which are produced by natural microorganisms via fermentation, semi-synthetic and synthetic antibiotics.

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Session 02: Types of Antibiotics

Antibiotics belong to a category of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes anti-viral, anti-fungal, and anti-parasitic drugs. The main classes of antibiotics are beta-lactams which again include penicillin, cephalosporins, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.

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Session 03: Main applications of Antibiotics

A large number of bacterial diseases have been brought under control by using antibiotics. These include pneumonia, cholera, tuberculosis and leprosy. The antifungal antibiotic griseofulvin will control the debilitating fungal skin diseases such as ring worm. There are certain antibiotics which can be used in canning industry or antibiotics such as penicillin, tetracycline and erythromycins are very widely used in processing of animal feeds.

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Session 04:  Microorganisms Producing Antibiotics

Most of the antibiotics used today are from the microorganisms that live in soil. Microorganism from soil had always been the primary source for production of antibiotics and still continues to maintain its significance. Its importance, over the antibiotic effect, seems to be more significant than in was believed.

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Session 05: Antibiotics for Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases

Emerging and Re-Emerging infectious diseases are global problems, and constant supplies of new antibiotics are essential to combat these diseases successfully. In some cases antibiotic agents can connect with different drugs or substances. The new type of antibiotic is expected to avoid some problems of conventional antibiotics such as development of resistant strains, expression of various toxins, and disruption of normal microbial flora. The impact of the emerging and re-emerging diseases has been massive at socio-economic and public health levels and it presents a great challenge for the future. Their control requires continuing surveillance, research and training, better diagnostic facilities and remodeled, and well-equipped public health system.

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Session 06: Veterinary antibiotics

Antibiotics are commonly used in veterinary medicine to treat infectious diseases that are caused by bacteria and certain other microorganisms. Antibiotics are part of sustainable production. Antibiotics prevent animal suffering and give to farm animals keep them healthy, which makes healthy food. Metaphylaxis antibiotics, should be prescribed on the basis of clinical findings about the progress of a disease in certain herd or flock when it is necessary.

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Session 07: Toxicity of Antibacterial Drugs

Therapeutic antibacterial drugs are considered among the safest of pharmaceuticals but this was not always the case. Prior to the discovery of penicillin and, subsequently, other antibiotics, the safety profile of antibacterial drugs are more closely resembled that of today's cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic agents used in oncology with narrow therapeutic windows and considerable side effects. As newer antibacterial drugs are being designed to be more pathogen specific, the expectation is that these future drugs should have even better safety profiles than today's therapeutics.

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Session 08: Next Generation Approaches

The study of antibiotic resistance has grown from focusing on single pathogenic organisms in axenic culture to studying antibiotic resistance in pathogenic, commensal and environmental bacteria at the level of microbial communities. The increasing fear of drug-resistant is leading to a growing push for the next generation of antibiotics. The development of new antibiotics is determining to controlling current and future infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The researchers now plan on studying the bacteria and decide what tools might be able to control its behaviour to release its full antibiotic potential. As the study of antibiotic resistance advances, it is important to incorporate this comprehensive approach to better inform global antibiotic resistance surveillance and antibiotic development.

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Session 09: Industrial Scope of Antibiotics                     

Antibiotics can be used in non-medical industries. They are mainly used in animal husbandry, bee-keeping; fish farming and other forms of aquaculture, ethanol production, horticulture, antifouling paints, food preservation and many more.

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Session 10: Antibiotics and Public Health

Antibiotics are strong medicines that treat bacterial infections. Common illnesses caused by bacteria are urinary tract infections, strep throat, pneumonia and more. Tetracycline is often used to treat acne and rosacea. Sulfonamides used to treat UTIs, bronchitis, eye and ear infections, pneumonia and bacterial meningitis. Cephalosporin can be used to treat UTIs, ear and skin infections, respiratory infections, bacterial meningitis, and sepsis. Overuse of antibiotics results in development of resistance bacteria which cannot respond to previously used antibiotics and this becomes a widespread problem for the public health.

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Scope:

Increase in demand for antibiotics across many sectors has allowed for less expensive and off-label uses of drugs. Conversely, due to the enormous and irresponsible use of the antibiotics, has contributed significantly to the advent of the resistant strains. Production of new antibiotics was directly proportional to the development of resistant strains. However, the mainstream approach in fighting against the diseases is now focused on the modification of existing antibiotics to combat emerging and re-emerging resistance of pathogens globally. Because of antibiotic over usage, certain bacteria have become resistant to the most powerful antibiotics available today, this is called Antibiotic resistance. Some of the strongest Antibiotics include cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, azithromycin etc; Natural antibiotics include honey, cabbage, grapefruit seed extract extra virgin coconut oil etc.  Antibiotics show effect after 24-48 hours. If not the bacteria could be resistant to that antibiotic, or it was not a bacteria.

Market Research Analysis:

The worldwide antibiotics market was valued at USD 42,653.89 million in 2018, and is estimated to be valued at USD 56,369.92 million in 2024, witnessing a CAGR of 4.7%. Some factors that are driving the market growth include the emergence of anti-MRSA drugs, development of generic drugs, and vulnerable aging population.

A company that initially produced the patented drug tries to generate utmost revenue before the patent expires. Once the patent expires, there will be several competitors who begin manufacturing the generic formulations. They have the same composition and same pharmacological activities as of the original drug. Almost 80% of the prescription antibiotics are generic. As a result of this, the price is reduced. Many people can afford drugs, thus, resulting in improved healthcare outcomes. However, using indiscriminate drug also leads to drug resistance and other complications.

World Wide Universities:

• Harvard University, USA
• University of Oxford, UK
• University of Washington, USA
• Rockefeller University, USA
• University of California, USA
• Duke University, USA
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
• University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA
• Johns Hopkins University, USA
• Washington University in St. Louis, USA
• Stanford University, USA
• Imperial College London, UK
• University of Tokyo, Japan
• University of California–Berkeley, USA
• University of Pennsylvania, USA
• University of Cambridge, UK
• Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
• Cornell University, USA
• University of Californiao, USA
• University of North Carolinal, USA

Companies Related to Antibiotics:

Manufacturers in USA:-

• Pfizer: Sulperazon, Unasyn, Zithromax, Dalacin, Merrem/Meropen, Zyvox, Tygacil, Others
• Merck & Co.: Cubicin, Invanz, Avelox, Primaxin, Others
• Johnson & Johnson: Zeftera, Sirturo, Others
• Cubist Pharmaceuticals: Cubicin, Sivextro Oral
• Abbott Laboratories: Baxin, Others
• Eli Lilly & Co.: Vancocin, Ceclor
• Melinta Therapeutics, Inc: Orbactiv, Others

Manufacturers in Europe:

• Novartis: Vigamox, Ciprodex, TOBI Podhaler, Cubicin
• GlaxoSmithKline: Ceftin/Zinnat, Augmentin IR, Amoxil, Others
• Bayer: Avelox, Cipro/Cirpobay
• Allergan: Zinforo/Teflaro, Dalbavancin, Others
• Roche: Rocephin
• Sanofi: Targocid, Others
• STADA Arzneimittel: Amoxicillin, Diclofenac Sodium

Manufacturers in Japan:-

• Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Flomox/Flumarin, Others
• Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings: Geninax, Biaxin/Clarith, Zosyn/Tazocin
• Daiichi Sankyo: Cravit, Levaquin, Others
• Meiji Holdings Company, Ltd.: Meiact/Spectracef, Others
• Astellas Pharma: Dificid, Others

Manufacturers in Other Countries:-

• Cipla: Amoxicillin, Others
• Lupin: Cefixime, Cephalexin, Others
• Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding: Cefotaxime Sodium, Cefotiam Hydrochloride, Ceftriaxone Sodium
• Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories: Cefotaxime Sodium, Cefotiam Hydrochloride, Ceftriaxone Sodium
• TaiGen Biotechnology: Taigexyn

Conclusion:

The resistance to antibiotics, which is currently a severe global medical problem, may be partially dealt with by the implication of new concepts, such as biodegradable compounds; by exploring unconventional research paths; and by searching for compounds (e.g., advanced antisense) that can paralyze the ribosome by binding to peripheral ribosomal target sites. Many reasons are attributed to this grim scenario of drug discovery for new antibiotics. However the major one is the lacking interest of pharma companies. Finding it hard to recoup drug discovery costs from antibiotics which develop resistance within a decade or so, pharmaceutical companies preferably choose to invest in safer kind of drugs, such as antidepressants, statins, and anti-inflammatory medications, which can bring steady flow of revenue, even in off-patent. Although, academic laboratories appear to continue their research efforts in looking for new drug leads, their efforts are inadvertently quashed by their inability to collaborate with the pharma companies for conducting high level pre-clinical research, and also their failure to transfer/license such technologies beyond academic laboratories.