Diabetes is a growing global health concern that affects all age groups and genders. Analysts predict a worldwide prevalence of 552 million people with diabetes by 2030. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to acute complications, including but not limited to, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic coma, diabetic ketoacidosis, and diabetic non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma.

Recurrent ongoing hyperglycemia can lead to chronic complications. These complications occur due to a mix of microangiopathy, macrovascular disease, and immune dysfunction. Microangiopathy can affect all vital organs, including they kidneys, heart, and brain, as well as eyes, nerves, lungs, and local gums and feet. Macrovascular problems can lead to cardiovascular disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease leading to gangrene and amputation. The damaging effects of hyperglycemia on the vasculature significantly contribute to diabetes complications and comorbidities. Between 30% and 50% of all diabetic patients have some organ damage, which can potentially progress to long-term complications. Hyperglycemia is toxic, whether it occurs early or later in life, and regardless of its etiology.

Comorbidities compound the chronic complications of diabetes. These include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, and/or elevated cholesterol levels. Additionally, there are many other complications of diabetes which are not recognized and often remain unaddressed, such as diabetic dermopathy, osteoporosis, sleep apnea, musculoskeletal impairments, gastroparesis and dental problems, mental health issues, and vitamin deficiencies.

Type 2 diabetes has been disproportionately increasing in minority populations. Non-Caucasian populations such as Hispanics, African Americans, and Asians are much more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and less likely to have effective control. Certain ethnic populations have a higher risk of complications from diabetes than others.

In addition to the societal and humanistic effects, the management of diabetes and its’ complications has substantial economic impact. If diabetes is undetected or its complications are poorly managed, patients can experience a poor health-related quality of life with significant morbidity and mortality, so optimal prevention and treatment strategies are necessary.

Adequate and sustained control of blood sugar levels can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes-related complications. However, effective interventions, at both the individual and population levels, are desperately needed to slow the diabetes epidemic and reduce the burden of diabetes-related complications.

Despite the known benefits of a healthy life style, many individuals finds it hard to maintain such a life style in the modern world, which facilitates sedentary behavior and overeating. Consequently, the prevalence of  Type-II Diabetes mellitus is predict to increase dramatically over the coming years. To counteract the resulting impact on morbidity and motality of the disease, a tremendous number of new Treatments available for diabetes was poured in to the market research lines in diabetes can be grouped in to three main categories: Technological, Biological and pharmacological with the latter category, pharmacological research appears the most effective for significantly reducing the burden of Type-II Diabetes. However the success of antibiotic medication has also been limited by their mechanism of action and side effects. A big number of promising new drugs were developed to acheive newer antidiabetic medication including oral insulin, gene therapy, the incretins, di-peptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, peroxisome prolifirator-activated receptor inhibitors and sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitors to treat Type-II Diabetes. However the up to date, the standard of care for diabetes management is not enough for long run benefits to diabetic patients. The aim of my talk is to provide a brief overview of current anti-diabetic drugs & updates on diabetes management for clinical usage.

Diabetes mellitus(DM) is rising in India with more than 62 million diabetic individuals. India (31.7 million) topped world with highest number of people with DM followed by US. Prevalence of DM is predicted to double globally from 171 in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. significantly effective in dropping levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) & post meal plasma glucose (PMG)  from baseline till day 30 as well as 60 days.  Gplife Advanced Diabetic Support Tablet was suggestively effective in dropping levels of % HbA1C from baseline to day 60 i.e. end of study. It also significantly effective in increasing levels of C- peptide levels from baseline to day 60 i.e. end of study. C- Peptide is co-secreted with insulin form pancreas and could be used as a tool in diagnosis of DM. When compared to C peptide levels in overall patients there was improvement in c- peptide levels after treatment of Gplife Advanced Diabetic Support Tablet to DM patients. It increases in the HOMA-B score and there was significant decrease in the HOMA-IR score in DM patients. It was concluded that “Gplife Advanced Diabetic Support Tablet” used as an adjuvant to OHA and insulin and helps in reducing fasting and post meal blood glucose level along with HbA1c. This can reduce the probable side effects of external insulin and OHA to subjects by providing result oriented and safer alternatives in management of DM.

The aim of this study is to demonstrate how in Traditional Chinese Medicine, all diseases are associated with the Yin and Yang imbalance, including diabetes. Although Western medicine and Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) share the diabetes treatment goals of reducing symptoms and preventing complications, their approaches to conceptualizing, diagnosing, and treating the disease are very different. The methods used in this study were two case reports and bibliographic researches of TCM’s medical literature and Five Elements Theory on the pathophysiology of energy imbalances in diabetes, which lead to the manifestation of the clinical symptoms. The treatment results, looking from the energy point of view, treat the  individual as a whole; not only treating the disease but the entire body, as recommends Hippocrates, the father of Medicine. After rebalancing the body’s energy, taking awareness and precaution about internal (emotional) triggers, dietary factors and external (climatic) triggers, the symptoms’ improvement is noticeable. Concluding, when looking at patients as a whole, from the point of view of Yin and Yang energy and Five Elements Theory, we can analyze aspects of the diet normally recommended and the use of hypoglycemic medication and/or insulin, and have a greater balance of hyperglycemic diabetic patients, treating them according to the energy point of view with dietary recommendation, acupuncture, etc.

Cataract is considered a major cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients as the incidence and progression of cataract is elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus. This is the reason for highly required biochemical solutions or pharmacological intervention that will maintain the transparency of the lens and delay the progression of cataract. Polyol pathway has been implicated as a major contributor in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract along with chronic hyperglycemia as the root cause. Male SD rats were selected for this study. In the present study, we have investigated the novel effect 2-4 thiazolidinedione derivatives that have potential to inhibit the aldose reductase enzyme and to act as a ligand of PPAR-γ against galactose-induced and single dose (55 mg/kg i.p.) of streptozotocin induced diabetic cataract in rats. All the above models of cataract showed development of mature cataract in the disease control group at the end of the respective study. Levels of Aldose reductase, polyols, sodium, calcium and malondialdehyde in the lens had significantly elevated whereas antioxidant enzymes, total proteins, soluble proteins and potassium levels had significantly decreased in disease control rats as compared to the age-matched control rats, this indicates the accelerated polyol pathway and associated oxidative stress in lens. The treatment with Compound A (80 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and Compound B (80 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated the alterations in Polyol pathway and oxidative stress with clear delay in the onset and progression of cataract. Results of the present study suggest the potential of these compounds as pharmacological intervention against diabetic cataract.