Gingivitis and Periodontal diseases are very common among gum diseases. In the early stages plaque formation results in the inflammation of the gums and if left untreated could lead to a gum disease. It is the leading cause of tooth loss seen in adults. Gum disease is the result of:

• Hormonal Changes
• Illness (HIV/ Cancer)
• Medications (Anti-depressants/ Anxiety)
• Smoking
• Poor Oral Hygiene
• Family history of dental disease

It is the branch of dentistry dealing with the children from birth till their adolescence period and Paediatric dentists are educational assets who provide important information to their parents. Early oral examination aids in the detection of the early levels of tooth decay which further important to sustain oral health, modify aberrant habits, and treat as needed and as possible.

In last 25 years dental implants have changed the face of dentistry. Dental implants are used as a replacement for the roots of the tooth, which is used to protect the crowns of the teeth. The most commonly used implants are “Roof-top” which is made up of titanium or titanium alloys.

It is a medical procedure/ surgery of the teeth and jaw bones. The commonly used procedures are 

• Prosthodontics – It is a branch of dentistry which is recognised by American Dental Association and is also known as prosthetic dentistry, the field which focuses on dental prostheses.
• Orthodontics or Orthodontia – is the field of dentistry which deals with the diagnosis, prevention and correction of the misplaced teeth and jaws.
• Periodontics – It is the one of the field of the dentistry which deals with the study of the periodontal diseases.
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OSM or OMS) – it is the specialized field of surgery for the treatment of the injuries and defects in head, face, neck, jaw, hard and soft tissues around the mouth (oral) and the maxillofacial region (jaws and face).

It is a procedure which is done to improve the appearance of teeth, gums and it primarily focuses on the improvement of dental aesthetics colour, position, shape, size, alignment and overall appearance. This may involve addition of dental material to the teeth or gums, removal of a tooth, teeth whitening, gum depigmentation, improvement in the appearance of the shape by straightening of the teeth.

The dental industry has been improving at an incredible rate for the past several decades and one of the leading, exciting developments in the field of dental diagnostics is 3D dental imaging. Through this technology dentists get a superior view of what they are diagnosing and it helps them in making effectively determining their next step.

   CAD / CAM application in dentistry recently has most importance in the field of prosthetic. CAD / CAM application in dentistry is the process by which dental restoration through fine milling process of ready ceramic blocks is attained finished and is also used for dental computer aided design and computer aided manufacture of inlays, onlays, crowns and bridges.

Oral medicine also known as stomatology, dental medicine or oral and maxillofacial medicine is an interface between medicine and dentistry which is concerned with the non-surgical management and clinical diagnosis of the dental and non-dental pathologies which is affecting the mouth and lower face region of the face.

Prosthetic dentistry is one of the fundamental pillars of dentistry. It is the most valuable tool with high therapeutically and preventive character. Modern prosthetics offers classical solutions with simple fixed and removable dentures, and advanced solutions with dental implants support for rehabilitation of dental defects. Nowadays the most sophisticated systems are based on ceramics, dental implants and CAD/CAM technologies.

Oral health is an integral part of the general health and in elderly people it is considered as a major risk factor for many problems. Geriatric dentistry deals with the diagnosis, prevention, management and treatment of oral cavity in the elderly people who are suffering from the problems like dementia, arthritis, osteoporosis, etc.