Medicinal Chemistry for Drug Discovery: Significance of Recent Trends reviews the state of the art and aims to determine the significance of technology and market trends in medicinal chemistry for advancing productivity in drug discovery. Although the fundamental task of medicinal chemists has not changed drastically over time, the chemical and computational tools and perspectives at their disposal have advanced significantly. One in particular, fragment-based drug design, stands out as promising major improvements in research productivity. We examine medicinal chemistry-related approaches and methodologies that drug discovery organizations employ in an effort to increase productivity in early drug discovery and decrease attrition at later pipeline stages. Key topics considered include structure-based drug design, fragment-based drug design, natural products-based drug design, diversity-oriented synthesis, and chemo genomics. An overall assessment of the current and potential value of these approaches is presented.
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Chemical biology is a scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry and biology. The discipline involves the application of chemical techniques, analysis, and often small molecules produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems. In contrast to biochemistry, which involves the study of the chemistry of biomolecules and regulation of biochemical pathways within and between cells, chemical biology deals with chemistry applied to biology.
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Clinical Pharmacology has been practiced for centuries through observing the effects of herbal remedies and early drugs on humans. The pharmacologic effect that a medication has on the body is known as pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics parameters become important because of the association between host drug concentrations, microorganism eradication, and resistance. Since long scientific advances allowed scientists to come together with the study of physiological effects with biological effects, Receptor theory for drug effects and its discovery with clinical pharmacology has stretched out to be a multidisciplinary field and has contributed to the findings of drug interaction, therapeutic effectiveness and safety. Drug interactions and pharmacological compatibilities include the study of pharmacokinetics that includes the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs.
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Pharmacodynamics is the effect that drugs have on the body; while pharmacokinetics is the study of the way in which drugs move through the body during absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Pharmacokinetics influences decisions over the route of administration. For drugs to produce their effects they must interact with the body. This can happen in many ways and depends on the properties of the drug. Pharmacokinetics influences decisions over the route of administration.
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Ethnopharmacology is a study or comparison of the traditional medicine practiced by various ethnic groups and especially by indigenous peoples. The word ethnomedicine is sometimes used as a synonym for traditional medicine. Ethnomedical research is interdisciplinary; in its study of traditional medicines, it applies the methods of ethnobotany and medical anthropology. Often, the medicine traditions it studies are preserved only by oral tradition.
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