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Poisoning is an adverse effect from a chemical that has been taken in excessive amounts. The body is able to tolerate and, in some cases, detoxify a certain dose of a chemical; however, once a critical threshold is exceeded, toxicity results. Poisoning can produce minor local effects that can be treated readily in the outpatient setting or systemic life-threatening effects that require intensive medical intervention. This spectrum of toxicity is typical for many chemicals with which humans come in contact.

Medical Toxicology is a field of medicine dedicated to the evaluation and treatment of poisoned and envenomated patients. This also includes adverse health effects of medications, occupational and environmental toxins, and biological agents.

Nanotoxicology is the study of the toxicity of nano-materials due to quantum size effects and enormous area to volume ratio; nanomaterials have distinctive properties compared with their larger counterparts that have an effect on their toxicity. Of the potential hazards, inhalation exposure seems to present the foremost concern, with animal studies showing pulmonary effects like inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenicity for a few nanomaterials. Skin contact and consumption exposure are a priority. Nanoparticles are often inhaled, swallowed, absorbed through skin and deliberately or accidentally injected throughout medical procedures. They could be accidentally or inadvertently released from materials implanted into living tissue. One study considers release of airborne designed nanoparticles at workplaces, and associated worker exposure from varied production and handling activities, to be terribly probable.

 

In essence, toxicology is the science of poisons, toxicants, or toxins. Toxin is a substance capable of causing harm when administered to an organism. Harm can be defined as seriously injuring or, ultimately, causing the death of an organism. This is a rather simplistic definition, because virtually every known chemical or substance has the potential for causing harm. The term toxin usually refers to a poison derived from a protein or conjugated protein produced by some higher plant, animal, or pathogenic bacteria that is highly poisonous for other living organisms

Environmental Toxicology is a detailed study of the eventual effects of chemicals on the earth that mostly include hazardous chemicals normally found in the earth. Environmental toxicology is usually linked to the study and examination of chemicals that affect the earth and environment starting from the point of regular Human use. Environmental Health Toxicology and Ecotoxicology are the major subclasses in this study, which mainly provides a better understanding over the processes which play a major role in the process of degradation by the means of Biotic and Abiotic sources. Hence this study is considered a major unit in the topic of Toxicology.

Forensic toxicology is the use of toxicology and other section like analytical chemistry, pharmacology and clinical chemistry to assist the medical or legal investigation of death, poisoning, and drug use.

Aquatic Toxicology publishes original scientific papers dealing with the mechanisms of toxicity and the responses to toxic chemical agents in aquatic environments at the community, species, tissue, cellular, subcellular and molecular levels, including aspects of uptake, metabolism and excretion of toxic producing agents.

This manages the medications and also their connections with the bases and the procedures of all living organisms. Applied toxicology is a branch of toxicology that contains all the applications comes under pharmacological medicine & toxicology. It majorly involves the branches like the pharmacogenetics, clinical pharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics. Applied toxicology is the utilization of the medicines and simply how the pharmacologic activities or information may be associated with the medicine.

Identification and analysis of the toxic risks that are present in a community and to find the measures to cut back the danger of toxicity to eliminate is important. At the genetic level, collection, interpretation and therefore the storage of genetic data will facilitate in understanding results of toxic chemical substances at genetic level or its effect within the formation of protein structure in an exceedingly particular cell or tissue.