Be a part of International Conference on Gynecology & Obstetrics

Postoperative infection is the most commonly seen complication of surgery in obstetrics and gynecology. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis has greatly decreased though not completely eliminated this adverse outcome. Postoperative infections include wound cellulitis, wound abscess, endomyometritis, pelvic cellulitis, and pelvic abscess. Infections usually manifest as fever and greater than normal postoperative pain. Refractory fevers maybe because of septic pelvic vein thrombophlebitis or maybe noninfectious in origin. Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be initiated as soon as possible when diagnosis of postoperative infection is made; most patients will respond to treatment within 24 to 48 hours when appropriate antibiotics are selected.

Malaria, anemia and UTIs are three of the most common medical disorders during pregnancy. In this study session you have learned how to diagnose, prevent and treat them. Medical disorders, including hypertensive diseases, may exist prior to pregnancy (eg, connective tissue diseases, chronic hypertension, and thyroid disease) or may manifest themselves for the first time during pregnancy (eg, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension).

The general gynecologist can expect to see more geriatric women as the U.S. population continues to age. In 1990, 12.6% of the population was older than 65 years of age. By the year 2050, this figure will almost double to 22.9%, or 100 million elderly.1 These changing demographics raise the problem of providing gynecologic care for these women and the issue of the role of gynecologist as their primary care physician. This chapter addresses both areas in sections on screening and disease prevention and on management of gynecologic problems in this age group.

The elderly woman's diet and level of physical activity can significantly affect her health. Nutritional status can be affected by slowing metabolic rate, loss of dentition, loss of smell and taste receptors, and the effects of poverty, isolation, and depression. Aging typically is associated with a decrease in lean body mass and a corresponding increase in the percent of body fat; however, these changes may be the result of inactivity.

A Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologist is a subspecialist who undergoes further preparation after first completing training in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Specifically, a Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologist cares for children, adolescents and young women with gynecologic concerns. An obstetrician takes care of women while they are pregnant and help the mother to deliver the baby. A pediatrician is the doctor who takes care of the baby once it is born until about the age of 21 years old. Specifically, a Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologist cares for children, adolescents and young women with gynecologic concerns. Both medical and surgical problems affecting the reproductive organs in children, adolescents and young adults.

Women often stay behind during conflict and natural disasters to take care of children and family members, while men may leave for the frontlines or to find jobs elsewhere. As they try to get by with little support in chaotic and dangerous situations, women and girls are exposed to death and disability, hunger, exploitation and gender-based violence. In conflict settings, just travelling to the local market can put their lives at risk. Women and girls best understand these daily needs and risks, and must be a part of designing the humanitarian responses intended to prevent them.

Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period. The most common direct causes of maternal injury and death are excessive blood loss, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion, and obstructed labour, as well as indirect causes such as anemia, malaria, and heart disease. Most maternal deaths are preventable with timely management by a skilled health professional working in a supportive environment. Ending preventable maternal death must remain at the top of the global agenda. At the same time, simply surviving pregnancy and childbirth can never be the marker of successful maternal health care. It is critical to expand efforts reducing maternal injury and disability to promote health and well-being.Each stage should be a positive experience, ensuring women and their babies reach their full potential for health and well-being. 

Being pregnant with more than one baby is exciting and can be a happy event for many couples. However, multiple pregnancy has increased risks for complications. Some of the most common complications are:

• Preterm labor and birth. Over 60 percent of twins and nearly all higher-order multiples are premature (born before 37 weeks). ...
• Gestational hypertension. ...
• Anemia. ...
• Birth defects. ...
• Miscarriage. ...
• Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used to treat infertility. It includes fertility treatments that handle both a woman's egg and a man's sperm. It works by removing eggs from a woman's body. The eggs are then mixed with sperm to make embryos. The embryos are then put back in the woman's body. ART can alleviate the burden of infertility on individuals and families, but it can also present challenges to public health as evidenced by the high rates of multiple delivery, preterm delivery, and low birth-weight delivery experienced with ART. Monitoring the outcomes of technologies that affect reproduction, such as contraception and ART, has become an important public health activity.

When women with chronic medical disorders become pregnant, special care must be taken to address both the affects the pregnancy can have on their medical condition, and the complications their medical condition may cause during pregnancy.

• Asthma
• Cancer
• Cardiovascular disease
• Depression
• Diabetes
• Epilepsy
• Hepatitis
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
• Thyroid conditions

The role of imaging in the management of a wide range of gynecological disorders is well established. In this article, the various types of imaging available will be discussed, with particular emphasis on their relative advantages and disadvantages. Then a variety of gynecological conditions will be considered, and for each the most appropriate imaging strategy will be given. This will include the findings on imaging with relevant illustrations.

Benign gynecologic conditions constitute the majority of the general gynecologist's practice. Along with health maintenance examinations, contraceptive management, family planning issues, and concerns about incontinence, the gynecologic conditions for which patients commonly present include adnexal masses, leiomyomata, endometriosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. This article addresses each of these last four entities and incorporates a discussion of their etiologies, clinical presentations, keys to diagnosis, and the various treatment options available.