It is the study of the microorganisms that inhibit, create, or contaminate food. This includes the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage; infectious germs that may cause disease (especially if food is improperly cooked or stored).
They may be viruses, bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, protozoa and so on and infects people or animals in direct or indirect ways. Virus often results in serious diseases. Recent years, human have been challenged by several diseases caused by virus, such as SARS, Ebola virus, hepatitis B, HIV etc. Pathogenic microorganism cause disease worldwide regardless of location, age or socio-economic status .Human infectious diseases come in many forms and span all domains of life.
Microbiological tests for cleaning and hygiene control detect general residues of foods on insufficient cleaned surfaces in the production environment. These residues of nutrients are the basis for growth of microorganisms.
Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death. As a result of drug resistance, antibiotics and other antimicrobial medicines become ineffective and infections become increasingly difficult or impossible to treat.
Fermentation is a process that involves the breakdown of carbs by bacteria and yeast. It results in a distinctive tart flavour and is used to make foods like yogurt, cheese, and sauerkraut. Fermented foods are rich in beneficial probiotics and have been associated with a range of health benefits — from better digestion to stronger immunity.
In microbial ecology, an increasing number of studies aim to integrate multi-osmic system. Consequently, the described methodology and future iterations thereof provide the backbone of the emerging field of Eco-Systems Biology datasets in order to obtain comprehensive high-resolution overview of microbial community structure and function
Probiotic foods contain beneficial live microbiota that may further alter one's microbiome. These include fermented foods like yogurt with live active cultures, pickled vegetables, tempeh, kombucha tea, kimchi, miso.
Synthetic biology allows the improvement of food production by using programmed monoclonal cell factories, engineered microbial consortia or cell free biosynthesis platforms. First, synthetic biology can improve the traditional food production and manufacturing.
Food safety refers to routines in the preparation, handling and storage of food meant to prevent foodborne illness and injury. From farm to factory to fork, food products may encounter any number of health hazards during their journey through the supply chain
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